Searching for natural and safe therapeutics that restrain platelet functions and inhibit risk-free plasma factors would be an interesting goal to identify new therapeutic approaches (Fig. įrom benign skin lesions on the feet to life-threatening thrombotic events, infection by SARS-CoV-2 leads to high prevalence of deadly blood clots. While it is not unusual for infections to raise the risk of clotting, an unprecedented range of clotting-related disorders have been observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Further scientific efforts are needed to evaluate the full potential of nucleoside analogs as treatment or prophylaxis of viral respiratory infections and to develop effective antivirals that are orally bioavailable. Although this is an important milestone in the fight against COVID-19, approval of this drug will not be sufficient to solve the public health issues caused by the ongoing pandemic. Remdesivir may have a positive impact on mortality outcomes while having a favorable safety profile. Remdesivir has good efficacy against a broad-spectrum of viruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and reduces the time to recovery of hospitalized patients who require supplemental oxygen. Remdesivir, a RNA polymerase inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, is a nucleoside analog that targets viral replication enzymes during viral replication which results in deadly mutations. Some reports of preclinical trials revealed that the antiplatelet activity of hydroxychloroquine can cause the production of thromboxane A2 and lead to a decrease in fibrinogen levels through its interaction with the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway. Both have shown efficiency to attenuate some symptoms of COVID-19. The used repurposed drugs such as chloroquine and remdesivir are able to attenuate some symptoms of this infection. There are no efficient and specific therapies to treat the COVID-19, even if a number of therapeutic approaches have been proposed to combat this pandemic. For this purpose, the use of natural sources including snake venoms and their pharmacological components could help identify a treatment for COVID-19. Besides the various vaccines being offered to prevent this pandemic there is still no alternative treatment such as drugs that could alleviate the pathophysiological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2. Since the beginning of 2020 to the present day, the COVID-19 has been spreading in all the countries throughout the world. We also summarize the updated advances on antiviral proteins and peptides derived from snake venoms that could weaken coagulopathy characterizing COVID-19. This review aims to: (1) present an overview on the infection, the developed thrombo-inflammatory responses and mechanisms of induced thrombosis of COVID-19 compared to other similar pathogenesis (2) underline the role of natural compounds such as anticoagulant, antiplatelet and thrombolytic agents (3) investigate the management of coagulopathy related to COVID-19 and provide insight on therapeutic such as venom compounds. COVID-19 is a viral respiratory sickness due to SARS-CoV-2 which induces thrombotic disorders due to cytokine storm, platelet hyperactivation and endothelial dysfunction. Among these bioresources, snake venom displays many bioactivities of interest such as antiviral, antiplatelet, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumoral. Nature is known to offer many biotherapeutics from animal venoms, algae and plant that have been historically used in traditional medicine. Such data is used to improve therapeutics to combat SARS-CoV-2 variants. Currently, there is no specific developed drug against COVID-19 and the challenge of developing effective antiviral strategies based on natural agents with different mechanisms of action becomes an urgent need and requires identification of genetic differences among variants. As expected, several new variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and have been detected around the world throughout this Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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